Wall construction



July 7, 1936. w. E. DRUMMOND WALL CONSTRUCT ION Original Filed Aug. 1,1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INWNTU Jufly 7, 1936. w. E. DRUMMOND WALLCONSTRUCTION Original Filed Aug. 1, 1955' 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

July 7, 1936.

W. E. DRUMMOND WALL CONSTRUCTION Original Filed Aug. 1, 1933 3 Sheets-s3 INVENTO E\D M FIG. 10

Patented July 7, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Refiled for abandonedapplication Serial No.

683,193, August 1, 1933. This application-ctoher 24, 1935, Serial No.46,636

21 Claims. (01. 72-16) This invention relates to improvements in ribstiffened walls of the type having blocks joined in forming a flushsurface at one side of the wall and on the other, a surface havingreenforcing s ribs extending between projecting pilasters, the

end portions of the blocks together with the associated pilaster facingmaterial forming vertical shafts adapted to be filled with concrete andsteel reinforcement and improved means of securing the members together,and the objects of my invention are as follows:

To provide block units that maybe made of concrete, terra cotta and thelike and joined in a wall without using mortar;

To provide-block units having built-in attachment portions that may bereadily employed in securing the units in a wall;

To provide units that may be dismantled from andre-used in wallconstruction with a minimum of reconditioning;

To provide units adapted to the building of walls of structures whereinthe units may either be permanently retained as first erected or may beused in part as forms, in the latter case enrabling the builder toproduce walls more secure tiveiy small cross-sectional area of attachingmaterial, thus to minimize the passage of sound andheat waves throughthe structure.

I attain these objects by the structural elements illustrated in theaccompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is an elevation showing fourcourses of block units (hereinafter called blocks) arranged so as toexpose their ribbed faces in a wall together with two U-shaped pilasterform units (hereinafter called studs) and showingthe visible portions ofthe means of connecting the units;

Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line l-l of Fig. '1 showing thetransverse relation of blocks and studs and in dotted lines a lap jointin the stud;

Fig. 3 is a section taken 'on-the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 showing thehorizontal relation of assembled blocks and studs;

:Fig. 4 is an elevation showing four courses of blocks arranged soastohave their plane faces flush andt'heir edges in contact in a.wall'surtace (hereinafter called the outside) together with the outerside of two studs as extended above and at the inner side of thecourses;

Fig. 5 is a section, on a large scale, taken on 5 the line 3-3 of vFig.1 showing a partiai concrete-steel fill and insulation lining within thespace formed by two of the associated blocks and a stud (hereinaftercalledv shaft) Fig. 6 is an enlarged elevation of the portion of theinside of the wall shown within the outline 4 of Fig. l and. showing inaddition in dotted lines reenforcing rods and the anchor extended.

Fig. "7 is a front view perspective illustrating the appearance ofportions of two blocks at aconnection. such asillustrated in Fig. 6,1butwith parts separated so as to show one block in an overpoised position,wherein its pin hole islocated oif center with respect to the verticallyaligned pin holes in'the anchor and the other block, the .20 anchor ispoised betweenthe two blocks and the connecting pin has its taperedportion located in the hole of the overpoised block audits pointinserted off center in the pinhole of theanchor, its shank standingwithin the groove in the overpoised block;

Fig. 8 is a section on a large scale, taken on the line 55 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the inner side and top edge of one ofthe units of board insu- 3T9 lating material used to line the innersurface of each coursed pair of the blocks in the shaft and in dottedlines portions of other such units shown in vertically aligned contact;

Fig. 10 is a perspective of a block unit showing the inner side, buttand bed edges of a block'unit.

Aside from such blocks of special shape, as may be required to finishcourses at wall openings, corners and the like, or where walls arecurved in plan, there need be employed blocks of this constructionhavingbut one sizeto form the surfaces of the exterior portion of theenclosing walls of any structure wherein the center to center spacingsof the studs is equal to the length of the block used and wherein heightdimensions are multiples of the 'blockheighhandit will be seen inreferring to Figs. 1, '2, 3, 4 and 5, that the studs 6, 6 when securedat top and bottom as in a building, are the wall stiffening members,while the blocks I, I, each having pin 8 and anchor 9 59 connections tothe studs 6, 6 form the shaft 10. Each block has at one side arectangular plane face H exposedin the outside surface of the wall asseen in Fig. 4, with edge portions meeting in bed joints 1!, l2 and buttjoints 13, -13, each joint 5 surface being disposed at a right angle tothe outside and on the inside in a surface comprising two mid-portionsof which one, having a plane rectangular face l4 parallel to the outerface H limits the relatively thin central portion E5 of the block 1 andis bordered on four sides by the other a rib portion [6 ofconvex'profile enclosing reenforcing rods H, H and which limits theblock vertically as the curve of its profile 18 becomes horizontallytangent at the bed joint 12 with the joint clearance surface is whichextends the length of the block adjoining the bed joints [2, I2 andterminates laterally at each end in portions having concavely splayedvertically disposed surfaces 25, 26 which are exposed in the shaft 15and form in association with like portions of joining blocks, the outerstructural wall of the shaft, the splayed surfaces being terminated ateither end of the block in a relatively thin portion 26 forming the buttedge of the block and at the inner side forming at a wide angle the,shoulder portion 22, the latter having a relatively narrow surface 23exposed between the splayed face 20 and the adjoining verge of i thequadrilateral .rib l6, each shoulder where terminated by thehorizontally disposed joint clearance surface 19 having embedded withinits surface a flush relatively thin metallic bearing plate 24, as seenin Figs. 6, '7, 8 and 10, each plate being pierced by a circular pinhole located equally distant from the outside and from each adjoiningbutt joint I3, the bearing plates 24 each being associated with anin-curving vertically disposed notch-like groove 25 of semi-circularprofile located immediately adjacent in the shoulder portion 23 and,having its deep end butting against the plate 24, the surfaces of thejoint clearance space I9 containing the bearing plates 24, having attheir outer verge, as illustrated in Fig. 8, a slightly rebated relationto the bed joint portion?! extending at each edge horizontallylengthwise the block of a width equal approximately to the width of thesurface of the butt joint !3 and within these edge surfaces the block iscomposed to a relatively slight but uniform depth, of a resilientsubstance 23, such as mineral wool filled with a mixture of asphalt andmineral oil. The leg portions 29, 29 of each of the U- shaped studs 6, Bextend substantially at a right angle to the wall, each having a flange3! extending laterally at the near edge 3!, the inner surface of theflange being in contact at the extreme edge 32 with the shoulder portion23 of the block, the leg portions 29, 29 and the closed portion'33opposite to the flanges forming three Ofthev four walls of the shaft to.As means of securing a more or less rigidly fixed relation between theextreme leg portions 29, 29 of the stud 6 cylindrical tubes 34 aredisposed in spaced plurality adjacent the flanges 3B, 35 horizontallyparallel to the wall face I I and extending across the shaft l0 to itswalls 29, 29 each enclosing a bolt 35'which passes thru the shaft walls29, 29 and is drawn up, these separatorsbeing plurally located in thelap-joint portion 36 of each stud 6 having plural sections and whereinthe outer surfaces of one section lie against the inner surfaces of theother and wherein one section has separatorbolt holes 5?, 3? in aclosely spaced plurality, so as to provide plural locations at whichmember may be secured in adjusted length as shown in Fig. 2.

Twisted strap anchors 9, 9 such as illustrated in' Fig. 5 partly indotted lines, each having a vertically disposed mid-portion 39 andhorizontally disposed end portions 49, 40 of uniform thickness, areslidably mounted on the flanges 35, 30 of the studs 6, 6 by means ofrecesses 4|, 4! provided at the inner side of the end portions 40, 45,each having at the rear extremity a shoulder 42 positioned against thewall 29 of the shaft I0 and at the far extremity, a shoulder 43 having are-entrant angle to the recess 4| and which passes around and engagesthe outer edge of the flange 32, the end portions 49, 40 each extendinglaterally so as to be positioned in the joint clearance space i9 betweenthe oppositely located bearing plates 24 in subjacent and superimposedblocks and being pierced with a hole 44 concentric with and of the samediameter as the holes 25 in the bearing plate 24. A pin 8 having arelatively long tapered portion 45 terminating in a point 46 and havinga shank 4'! of circular profile the surface of which will circularlycontact the walls of the vertically concentric holes 25, M, 25, inpassing thru them forms the connection b.- tween the blocks 7, l and theanchor 9.

Insulating board units 48, 48 such as illustrated in Fig, 9 having acurved profile may be employed to line the outer wall side 20 of theshaft l5, each unit 48 as seen in Fig, 5 being in contact at its outersurface 49 with the inner surfaces of two adjacent blocks 25, 25, incontact at its two splayed portions 50, 50 with the corresponding outersurfaces of the stud flanges 30, 30 and with its inner surface 5|exposed in the shaft 10 and extending between the side walls 29, 29thereof, the unit being so shaped at each of its four corner portions52, 52 as to preserve a clearance 53 approximately equal to thedimensions of a fill which may be provide around the anchors within theshaft E9.

The walls 54, 54 of the groove 26 in the shoulder portion 23 of theblocks 7, I are each so formed that as the shank l"! of the pin 8 isinserted lengthwise the groove 26, then thru hole 25 of the adjoiningbearing plate 24 only a slight lateral clearance 55 is provided betweenthe shank portion 4'! and the groove wall 54 when assuming a correct setposition wherein the shank portion.

only is engaged in the holes 25, 25, until this position is nearlyreached the head portion of the pin may contact the inner face portionsof the walls 54, 54 in being slidably guided in a curvilinear direction.Thus guided a misdirected hammer stroke may be applied on the head withdifficulty and the pin normally needs not to be secured from deflectionby other means.

In order to exert pressure on the butt joints spanned by the anchorafter a block is located in an approximately correct position, suchpressure may be had by means of the drift to be obtained by thecombination of offset holes, tapered pin 8 and groove 26. Assume, asillustrated in Fig. 7, that a pin has penetrated the hole 25 in theplate 24 of an over-poised block having an offset relation to a blocksecured in a wall, between these a secured anchor is poised, now whenthe overpoised block and anchor are dropped in place it may be assumedthat the anchor hole 44 will be concentric with the plate hole 25 belowand offset from the plate hole 25 above and that the pin point 46 hasheld its relative position with reference to the anchor hole 44,consequently if the pin 8 is driven downward, the wedge action of thetapered portion 45 must press slidably against the fixed anchor hole 44wall outwardly of the butt joint l3 and against the wall of the blockplate hole 25 oppositely also, but in much less degree, against therestraining groove wall 26 withthe effect .of moving the free block Itoward the joint I3:as the tapered portion of the pin progressesdownward, .thus in setting blocks any offset relation will be overcomeby the use of the pins, all of the blocks being progressively anchoredin adjusted alignment to the several studs as shown in Fig.4 when and asthe latter are retained in plumb condition.

The end portions of the anchors 9, 9 maybe made of such thickness aswill preserve a relatively small clearance between the upper and netherjoint clearance surfaces I9, l9 so that should the resilient portions28, 28 of the blocks at the horizontal joints l2, 12 yield to anypressure and consequently cause decrease in the clearance of the anchors9, 9-the latter, if pressed upon, may assume the load and transfer itdirectly to the shoulders of the aubjacent blocks, thus in arresting themovement, any excessive extrusion of the resilient substance 28 will beprevented, any vertical movement between the studs 6, :6 and the joinedblocks 1, I being taken up by means of the slidable grip of the anchors9, 9 on the studs 6,6.

In using these units to erect a wall, studs 6, 6 of a length appropriateto the wall height may first be set up and braced in plumb alignedcondition and in such spaced relation as corresponds to the length ofblocks to be used, whereupon after the first course is secured inhorizontal alignment, the blocks may be set in place in courses,securing each block at its bed joint in the manner above explained,while temporarily employing means to yoke an upper portion of the blockto an adjacent stud.

Prior to the erection of the studs the strap anchors 9, 9 may bemounte-don the flange portions 35), 3% of the studs 6, '6 in such spacedrelation that as the courses are placed an anchor 9 will be positionednear to and immediately above each bed joint l2 line so, that whenblocks are set an anchor 9, may in each case be availed of merely bydriving it downward and onto the upper edge of the block to be secured.

Before mounting the anchors 9, 9 on the flanges 3d, 30 of the studs 6,6, the prong-like portions 43, 43 may each be bent backward more or lessupon itself so as to allow the recessed portions 4 l, M of the anchor 9to lie against the outer faces of the flanges .38, 30, with theshoulders 42, 42, d3, d3 engaging the edge portions 3|, 3|, 32, 32,whereupon the prong portions 43, 43 may be again bent so as to hold theanchor! to the stud member 6.

It will be noted that for structural purposes the following are amongsome of the advantages to be had bythe use of these units:

Due to accessibility, the condition of connecting portions may beexamined, tested and, if

necessary, repaired before being concealed;

Due to adaptability, if the shaft at any stud be filled at any timesubsequent to securement of the blocks, the spaces formed around andabout each connecting anchor and shoulder portion may also be filled,thus at one operation, keying the blocks in a preferred state of settledadjustment and creating a minimum of relatively. small but stronglyreenforced concrete portions rigidly connecting the otherwise separatedinner and outer elements of a strong wall having inbuilt and effectiveinsulation properties when the studs have been removed;

The separators remaining in the pilasters may be utilized for theconnecting of joist. and rafter hangers :and the like if the shafts havebeen filled;

The material composing the studs may be formed of sheet metal havingsuch an out-sprung profile, that when the retaining bolts and anchorprongs are removed, the potential energy characteristic of the steelwill act tending to spring the form walls away from the cast concrete ofthe pilaster, thus assisting in form stripping;

The spaces surrounding the anchors at the indented portions .of theinsulating units maybe plugged so asto prevent the passing of concrete,thus deferring the solid enclosure of anchor con,- nections until if andwhen settlement of temperature conditions make such filling desirable;

The blocksmay be made under such controlled conditions of composition,humidity, temperature and pressure and have such surface treatment, thatuniformity of strength giving and waterproof qualities, together withapreferred condition of viscosity in the edging substance may be secured;

All cast members in a wall that has been filled may readily bedisconnected and their use extended indefinitely if such substances beapplied at all contacting surfaces at the time of erection as will limitadhesion between them;

The studs may receive steel angle reenforcing members of relativelylarge dimensions thus adapting them for use in very high unattached wallconstructions;

If the insulative units be omitted, and the released spacefilled with.concretagreater relative strength and rigidity may be secured;

The steel reenforcement in the rib portions of theblocks may each beshaped in the outline of a rectangle havingextensions reaching to andcomprising the bearing plates 25, ,25 each shoulder of the block, thusproducing a continuation of reenforcement means coextensive with eachwall surface economically disposed so as to resist lateral force tendingto displace members and cause .it to be diverted into diagonal reactionagainst a large number-of more or less resilient factors;

The blocks may beset having mortar joints if desired; and i The studsmay be employed with other anchored-in wall facing units such as bricks,stones, blocks and the like.

This application constitutes a refiling of applicants abandonedapplication, Serial No. 683,193, filed Aug. '1, 1933.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a wall constructed of building block units,

arranged in horizontal and vertical alignment,

anchors disposed bilaterally from the butt joints in the bed jointshaving at either end portions a perforation, thru each perforation apin, the pin passing thru adjacent portions of subjacent andsuperimposed blocks wherein and whereat located grooves disposed-at anangle to the bed joint thruwhich the pin may be inserted or withd awn,the combination providing acc-es'lible means of securing four blockseach to the other at any intersecting, horizontal and vertical joinmg.

2. In a wall constructed of building block units arranged inhorizontal'and vertical alignment and structural members extendingadjacentto and in parallel relation with the butt joints, anchorsextending bilaterally 'fromithe structural members in the bed jointsoftheblockseach having at either end portion a perforation, through eachperforation a pin, the pin passing thru adjacent portions of subjacentand superimposed blocks wherein and whereat are located grooves disposedat an angle to the bed joint thru which the pin may be inserted orwithdrawn, .the combination providing accessible means of securing fourblocks each to the other and to any structural member at anyintersecting horizontal and vertical joining.

3. In a wall constructed of building block units arranged in courses, ineach bed joint a plurality of securing means such as anchors, eachhaving perforated end portions, thru each perforation a pin projectingat an angle to the joint from upper and nether surfaces of the anchor,oppositely pierced by each pin a thinned portion of each subjacent andsuperimposed block, each having extending beyond the perforated portionclearance for inserting or withdrawing the pin, the combinationproviding accessible means of securing a plurality of blocks each toanother at any bed joint.

4. In a wall constructed of building block units arranged in horizontaland vertical alignment and structural members extending adjacent and inparallel relation with the butt joints, secured to and extendingbilaterally from each structural member in each bed joint securing meanssuch as anchors, each having perforated end portions thru eachperforation a pin projecting at an angle to the joint from upper andnether surfaces of the anchor, oppositely pierced by each pin a thinnedportion in each adjacent and superimposed block, each having extendingbeyond the perforated portion clearance for inserting or withdrawing thepin, the combination providing accessible means of securing a pluralityof blocks each to another and to the structural member at any bed joint.

5. In a wall constructed of building block units arranged in horizontaland vertical alignment and structural members extending adjacent and inparallel relation with the butt joints, secured to and extendingbilaterally from each structural member in each bed joint securing meanssuch as anchors, each having perforated end portions thru eachperforation a pin projecting at an angle to the joint from upper andnether surfaces of the anchor, oppositely pierced by each pin a metallicplate secured in adjacent portions of each adjacent and superimposedblock, each having extending beyond the perforated portion clearance forinserting or withdrawing the pin, the combination providing accessiblemeans of securing a plurality of blocks each to another and to thestructural member at any bed joint.

6. In a wall constructed of block units arranged in horizontal andvertical alignment, in each bed joint a plurality of securing means suchas strap anchors, each having perforations near their end portions,similar perforations in immediately subjacent and superimposed portionsof associated blocks, the walls of the three associated perforationscombining to form a shaft disposed at an angle to the bed joint, in eachshaft a pin, the shank of each pin in contact with the wall of theperforation in the anchor farthest removed from the butt joint and withthe walls of the perforations nearest to the butt joints in each of theblocks, the combination providing means of securing the anchor to theblocks at intersecting joints.

7. In a wall constructed of block units arranged in horizontal andvertical alignment and structural members extending adjacent and inparallel relation to the butt joints, in each bed joint a plurality ofperforated securing means such as strap anchors extending bilaterallyfrom each structural member, similar perforations in immediatelysubjacent and superimposed portions of associated blocks, the walls ofthe three perforations combining to form a shaft disposed at an angle tothe bed joint, in each shaft a pin, the shank of each pin in contactwith the wall of the perforation in the anchor farthest removed from thebutt joint and with the Walls of the perforation nearest to the buttjoints in each of the blocks, the combination providing means ofsecuring the anchor to the blocks at intersecting joints.

8. In a wall constructed of block units arranged in horizontal andvertical alignment and structural members extending adjacent and inparallel relation to the butt joints, in each bed joint a plurality ofperforated securing means such as strap anchors extending bilaterallyfrom each structural member, similar perforations in immediately subjacent and superimposed portions of associated blocks, the walls of thethree associated perforations combining to form a shaft disposed at anangle to the bed joint as each overpoised block is being positioned,means to force the holes into predetermined lateral relationship such asdrift pins, each having an elongated ta- 9 pered end portion terminatingin a point which may be inserted in the shaft point first and driven soas to force the shank portion into the shaft so far as to be in contactwith the wall of the perforation in the anchor farthest removed from thebutt joint and with the walls of the perforation in each of the blocksnearest to the butt joints, the combination providing means to overcomeany offset relation in adjusting overpoised blocks to blocks secured.

9. In a wall constructed of block units having perforated anchorportions located in bed joints, oppositely located in immediatelysubjacent and superimposed portions of associated blocks, portions suchas perforated anchorage plates, the perforations in the anchor and thosein the adjacent plate portions of the blocks forming a shaft, extendingat an angle from the plate holes in either block straightly opposite thebed joint, a groove, standing with its point engaged in the shaft andwith its head more or less in contact with the wall of the inner portionof a groove, a drift pin, the combination providing means of maintainingthe pin at a preferred angle to the bed joint while having its taperedportion driven within the shaft.

10. In a wall comprising block units forming members in and at one faceand having continuously aligned bed and butt joints and U- shapedstructural members each positioned immediately adjacent and in parallelrelation to a butt joint, with leg portions extending outward from thewall and enclosing in connection with the blocks a shaft, securing meansextending to and between the associated members at the intersecting bedand butt joints, the combination effecting a rigidly constructed wall.

11. In a structure having block units of rectangular shape associated ina wall, U-shaped vertical structural members each positioned on one sideof the wall, the leg portions having flanges outwardly disposedparalleling and in contact with the wall face, securing means such asstrap anchors extending laterally from flanged leg portion to'fiangedleg portion, thence and at either side, in horizontal disposition to andbeyond the outer edge portions of the flanges each -in edgewise contactwith the outer face of a "flange and having an extended oifset'portioncontacting the inner shoulder of the flange and an extended ofisetportion having a re -entrant angle portion connecting with and obliquelyengaging the outer edge of the fiange portion of the leg of thestructural member, the anchor extending "as securing means to theassociated blocks, the combination forming means of slidably connectingthe anchor to the structural member.

12; :In a wall structure comprising within and atone-surface blockunits, and within-and-at the other extending from the bottom to the topthereof in spaced plurality members having a crosssectional profile ofU-shape, the extreme leg portions of which butt against the wall,securing means extending between the leg portions of the members and theasscociated blocks and extending horizontally between the legportionslof each of the members in spaced plurality parallel to thewall, cylindrical tubes each having end portions positioned against theinner face of either leg portion, bolts passing thru the walls of theleg portions and transversely thru the tubes, the combination securingthe leg portions each to the other in a more or less rigidly fixedrelation capable of resisting lateral movement when the member isloaded.

13. In a wall structure comprising within and at one surface block unitsand secured to these within and at the other surface a spaced pluralityof U-shaped structural members the extreme leg portions of which buttagainst the wall each being in units comprising two or more sections,each section being an extension from one adjoining section, the twohaving a joint portion wherein one section lies within the other withthe outer surfaces of its leg portions and closed side more or less incontact with the corresponding inner surfaces of the leg and closedportions of the other, the leg portions of both having separator boltholes arranged longitudinally in spaced alignment oppositely disposed inthe legs of each, plural separator-connector units securing thelap-joint portions of the members, the combination providing memberscapable of adjustment to lengths limited by the number of combinedpositions in which the sections have connector holes in register in thelap-joint portions.

14. In a wall structure comprising block units at and within one flushsurface and vertically disposed in spaced plurality within and at theother, U-shaped flange edged structural members, securing meansextending between the members, bolts extending between the side Wallportions of the legs of the U-shaped member within separator shells,being utilized to secure in a deformed drawn-together condition thematerial forming the member, the combination tending to cause thematerial to spring more or less energetically from any body within itformed and cast, when the separator bolts have been withdrawn.

15. In a wall structure having within and at one of its surfacesrectangular block units arranged in flush horizontal and verticalalignment, each being exposed in the other surface of the wall andtherein having cut out end portions of inwardly curved horizontalprofile creating in the associated blocks at each butt joiningrelatively Wide but shallow channels, positioned at and substantiallyco-extensive with each channel a U- shaped pilaster member having legportions ex- *uniform depth and in contact at'one surfac'e with thesurfaces of the channel, but with clearance aroundeach of the anchorarms, the combination providing a formed space adapted to be-filled withcementitious materials in forming walls of the type described herein.

16. In a wall construction of block units arllrange'd in horizontal andvertical alignment whose meeting faces are surfaced at a uniform depthwith a felted substance such as mineral wool having afil'l ofaviscoussubstance such as i a mixture of asphalt and mineral oil to form anintegrally united juncture, structural members extending adjacent and inparallel relation with the butt joints of the block units, secured toand extending bilaterally from each structural member in each bed jointsecuring means such as anchors having perforated end portions,perforated metallic plates formed by the projections of the reenforcingmembers embedded in the block units, secured in adjacent portions ofeach adjacent and superimposed block unit with clearance recesses,locking pins inserted in the apertures of the plates and anchors forpositioning and securing the blocks units, the combination providing arigid wall construction with building blocks joined together with aresilient and waterproof juncture.

17. In a wall construction of block units arranged in horizontal andvertical alignment whose meeting faces are surfaced with a self-healingresilient material to form an integral juncture, structural membersextending perpendicularly, secured to and extending bilaterally fromeach structural member securing means such as anchors having perforatedend portions, oppositely, in the end portions of the blocks perforatedmetallic plates formed by the projection of reenforcing members embeddedin the block units, clearance grooves subjacent each plate, locking pinsinserted in the apertures of the plates and anchor for positioning andsecuring block units to the structural members, the combinationproviding a means for securing together block units with resilientwaterproof junctures.

18. In a wall constructed of block units whose meeting faces aresurfaced with a self-healing resilient material to form an integraljuncture, structural members extending in upright position to blockunits, secured to and extending bilaterally from structural membersperforated metallic ears, perforated metallic bearing plates secured tothe block units, locking pins for inserting in the apertures of theinterfitting plates and ears for positioning and securing block unitstogether and to structural members, the combination providing a rigidwall construction of block units having resilient waterproof joints.

19. In a wall constructed of block units arranged in horizontal andvertical alignment, structural members extending adjacent and inparallel relation with butt joints, securing means such as anchorsextending bilaterally from each structural member in each bed jointhaving perforated end portions, perforated metallic bearing platessecured in adjacent portions of each adjacent and superimposed blockwith clearance grooves for inserting and withdrawing locking pins, whichplates are projections of the reenforcing members embedded in the block,the combination providing a rigid block unit fastened to structuralmembers capable of withstanding lateral stress without rupturing.

20. In a, wall constructed of block units arranged in horizontal andvertical alignment, structural members extending adjacent and inparallel relation with butt joints, anchor straps extending at thejoints bilaterally from structural members with perforated end portionsprojecting horizontally between perforated metallic plates secured inthe blocks adjacent to joints, which plates are integrally connected tothe reenforcing members embedded in the block units, grooved portionsrecessed in the block units subjacent to facilitate the inserting andwithdrawing locking pins driven through plates and anchor apertures, thecombination providing a rigid construction for the block units capableof withstanding lateral stress without rupturing.

21. In a wall structure comprising block units at and. within one flushsurface and vertically disposed in spaced plurality within and at theother U-shape flange edged structural members, securing means such asstrap anchors extending between the members and having notches forminggrip keys at either end portion so as to slidably engage the flangededge portions of the structural members causing the leg and backportions thereof to be restrained in a deformed drawn-togethercondition, the combination tending to cause the material of which themember is formed to spring more or less energetically away from anysubstance within it formed and cast when the grip portions of the anchorkeys have been removed.

WILLIAM E. DRUMMOND.

